Brooklyn Banner.webp

BROOKLYN

Geographic Setting

Occupying the southwestern tip of Long Island, Brooklyn spans a landscape of remarkable diversity—flat coastal plains, glacial ridges, and tidal inlets stretching from the East River and Upper New York Bay in the west to Jamaica Bay and the Atlantic Ocean in the southeast. Covering roughly 71 square miles, it is the largest of New York City’s five boroughs, bounded by Queens to the east, Staten Island across The Narrows, and Manhattan across the East River. Its neighborhoods—over 70 in number—range from the brownstone streets of Brooklyn Heights and Park Slope to the beachside communities of Coney Island and Sheepshead Bay, the industrial waterfronts of Greenpoint and Red Hook, and the tree-lined enclaves of Flatbush, Bay Ridge, and Borough Park.

Brooklyn’s geography has always been both physical and human—a tapestry of ethnic enclaves, economic frontiers, and urban ideals. From the crest of the Terminal Moraine that forms Prospect Park’s spine, the borough slopes gently to the sea, its grid woven across what were once farmlands and salt marshes. The borough’s motto, Eendraght Maeckt Maght—“Unity Makes Strength”—captures both its Dutch colonial origins and the multiplicity of its modern identity.

Etymology and Origins

Brooklyn takes its name from the Dutch town Breukelen, meaning “broken land” or “marshland,” a reference to the reclaimed wetlands of its original European settlers. When Dutch colonists established farms here in the mid-17th century, they christened their new village after the homeland they left behind, unaware that “Breukelen”—later Anglicized to Brookland and finally Brooklyn—would one day become one of the world’s great urban centers.

Before the Dutch arrival, the region was home to the Lenape, specifically the Canarsee and Nyack peoples, who fished, hunted, and cultivated the fertile plain stretching between the East River and Jamaica Bay. Their trails became the foundations of modern thoroughfares such as Kings Highway and Flatbush Avenue. The Dutch West India Company’s colonists, arriving in the 1630s, established six agricultural villages—Breukelen, Flatlands, Flatbush, Gravesend, New Utrecht, and Bushwick—that together formed the core of what would become Kings County.

The Neighborhoods

  • Albemarle

    In central Brooklyn, the northern section of Kensington is the sub-neighborhood of Albemarle. It is flanked by Dahill to the west and Prospect Park to the east. Windsor Terrace is to the north.

  • Bath Beach

    Bounded by Gravesend Bay and 86th Street to the south and north, and extending from Bay Parkway westward to Bay 8th Street and 14th Avenue, Bath Beach occupies a serene coastal swath of southwestern Brooklyn.

  • Bay Ridge

    Bounded by 86th Street to the south and 65th Street to the north, with the Narrows and Upper New York Bay to the west and the Gowanus Expressway to the east, Bay Ridge occupies the southwestern edge of Brooklyn.

  • Bedford-Stuyvesant

    Bedford-Stuyvesant is bounded by Classon Avenue to the west, Flushing Avenue to the north, and Broadway to the east (with its southern edge conventionally extending to Atlantic Avenue).

  • Bensonhurst

    Bensonhurst is bounded by 86th Street to the south and 65th Street to the north, and extending from 14th Avenue eastward to Bay Parkway (from 86th to 77th Street) and then Avenue P to McDonald Avenue.

  • Bergen Beach

    Bergen Beach is bounded by Avenue N to the north, the Paerdegat Basin to the east, Mill Basin to the south, and to the west by East Mill Basin, 68th Street, and Veterans Avenue.

  • Boerum Hill

    Bounded by Baltic Street to the south and Schermerhorn Street to the north, and stretching from Court Street to Fourth Avenue, Boerum Hill occupies a small but strikingly cohesive portion of northwestern Brooklyn.

  • A city street scene with a red brick building housing various businesses. The building has multiple windows with air conditioning units, and several signs for salons and shops, including a beauty salon and a children's store. A green and white sign for Peppermill is prominent on the right. There is a pedestrian walking on the sidewalk, a black SUV parked on the street, and a traffic light hanging above the intersection. The sky is clear and blue.

    Borough Park

    Borough Park is bounded by Martense Ln to the northwest, Dahill Rd and McDonald Ave to the east, Avenue N to the south, and a broad western edge defined successively by 60th St to 65th St to 37th St.

  • Beach scene with seagulls on sandy shore, urban buildings in the background, and a clear blue sky.

    Brighton Beach

    Brighton Beach is bounded roughly by Ocean Parkway to the west, Coney Island Avenue to the east, Neptune Avenue to the north, and the Riegelmann Boardwalk and Atlantic Ocean to the south.

  • People sitting on benches along a walkway next to a river, with a city skyline and bridge in the background, in black and white.

    Brooklyn Heights

    Brooklyn Heights is bounded by the East River to the west, Cadman Plaza West and Court Street to the east, Old Fulton Street to the north, and Atlantic Avenue to the south.

  • Black and white photograph of a historical brick building with a round tower featuring crenellations at the top and small arched windows.

    Brooklyn Navy Yard

    Brooklyn Navy Yard is bounded by Nassau Street and Flushing Avenue to the south, Kent Avenue to the west, Classon Avenue to the east, and the East River to the north.

  • Graffiti mural on a metal gate that includes characters, colorful text, and abstract designs. The words 'WELCOME 2 BROWNSVILLE' are written at the top, with an arrow pointing right labeled 'ONEWAY.' There are cartoonish characters, one with a patch over one eye and a yellow tag reading 'KOMER,' and another with a large gold chain and dollar signs. Trash and items are scattered at the bottom of the gate.

    Brownsville

    Brownsville is bounded by Rockaway Parkway to the west, Eastern Parkway northwest to Fulton Street, Fulton Street east to Van Sinderen Avenue, Van Sinderen Avenue south to Linden Boulevard, and LIRR rail lines.

  • Red brick historic building at the corner of Linden Street and Bushwick Avenue with ornate decorations and several air conditioning units in the windows.

    Bushwick

    Bushwick is bounded by Broadway to the west, Flushing Avenue to the north (including the Bushwick Houses), the Queens line to the east, and the Jackie Robinson Parkway to the southeast—running northwest along Bushwick Avenue to Conway Street.

  • Graffiti mural with the word 'Canaan' in large blue cursive letters on a wall, with a background of painted clouds and dollar bills raining down, and a small girl doing a handstand on the left.

    Canarsie

    Canarsie is bounded by the rail line north of Avenue D to the north, Jamaica Bay to the south, Williams Avenue and East 108th Street to the east, and Paerdegat Avenue North and Ralph Avenue to the west.

  • The upper story of a historic brick building with ornate dormer windows topped by decorative wrought iron railings and a bright blue sky in the background.

    Carroll Gardens

    Carroll Gardens is bounded, going clockwise, by the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway (BQE) north to Degraw Street, east to Court Street, north to Baltic Street, east to Hoyt Street, south to 5th Street, west to Smith Street, south to the Gowanus Expressway, and then northwest to the BQE.

  • Street view of a brick apartment building with multiple windows, air conditioning units, and electrical wires crossing in front, under a clear blue sky.

    City Line

    Bounded by Atlantic Avenue to the north, Conduit Boulevard to the south, Euclid Avenue to the west, and the Queens borough line to the east, City Line forms a narrow but distinct pocket at Brooklyn’s easternmost edge—where the borough gives way to Ozone Park, Queens.

  • Colorful row of Victorian style buildings with bay windows, storefronts at street level, under a clear blue sky.

    Clinton Hill

    Bounded by Vanderbilt Avenue to the west, Classon Avenue to the east, Flushing Avenue to the north, and Atlantic Avenue to the south, Clinton Hill occupies a gentle rise of land just east of Fort Greene and north of Prospect Heights.

  • Brick building with multiple windows and white lettering on the facade that reads 'JOHN CURTIN Inc.' and 'SAIL MAKERS - CANVAS GOODS'.

    Cobble Hill

    Cobble Hill is bounded by the (BQE) to the west, Court Street to the east, Degraw Street to the south, and Atlantic Avenue to the north.

  • Industrial crane with red and white structure operating under clear blue sky, with leafless trees nearby, at the New York City port.

    Columbia Street Waterfront

    The Columbia Street Waterfront District is bounded by the Gowanus Expressway to the south and Atlantic Avenue to the north, and lying west of the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway (BQE) to the New York Harbor.

  • Coney Island amusement park with rides and a Ferris wheel, viewed from the sandy beach on a clear day with blue sky.

    Coney Island

    Coney Island is bounded by West 37th Street to the west and Ocean Parkway to the east, with Coney Island Creek and the Shore Parkway forming its northern boundary and the Atlantic Ocean stretching along its southern shore.

  • Street view showing a multi-story building with fire escapes, parked cars, pedestrians crossing the street, and a church steeple in the background under a partly cloudy sky.

    Crown Heights

    Crown Heights is bounded by Atlantic Avenue to the north and Empire Boulevard to the south, and stretching from Washington Avenue on the west to Ralph Avenue on the east.

  • Row of brown brick houses with bay windows, colorful roofs, and ornate details on a sunny day with a clear blue sky.

    Cypress Hills

    Cypress Hills is bounded by Atlantic Avenue to the south, Broadway Junction to the west, Jamaica Avenue and the Cypress Hills Cemetery to the north, and the Queens line to the east.

  • Street view of a corner building with trees and parked cars, clear blue sky.

    Dahill

    Tucked into a small triangular pocket bounded by Martense Lane, Fort Hamilton Parkway, and Dahill Road, the micro-neighborhood of Dahill occupies one of Brooklyn’s most quietly distinctive corners.

  • Upward view of tall modern glass skyscrapers against a clear blue sky.

    Downtown Brooklyn

    Downtown Brooklyn is bounded by Schermerhorn Street to the south and York Street to the north, with its western edge traced along Cadman Plaza and Court Street, and an irregular eastern perimeter running to the south.

  • Nighttime view of the Brooklyn Bridge lit up over the East River in New York City, with people sitting on the waterfront rocks and steps.

    DUMBO

    Bounded by the Brooklyn Bridge and Bridge Street to the east, and stretching north of York Street to the East River, DUMBO— Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass—occupies one of the most iconic landscapes in New York City.

  • View of a park near a body of water with a paved walkway, benches, trees, and people walking, with a large suspension bridge in the background under a blue sky.

    Dyker Beach Park

    Stretching across Brooklyn’s southwestern shoreline, Dyker Beach Park is bounded roughly by 86th Street to the north, Poly Place and the Shore Parkway to the south, 7th Avenue to the east, and 14th Avenue to the west.

  • A large, historic house with a unique architectural design, featuring a rounded corner and multiple levels. It is surrounded by a well-maintained front yard with green grass, bushes, and a leafless tree. A set of brick stairs with white railings leads up to the front door. The house is painted in light colors, with some red brick accents. The sky is clear and blue.

    Dyker Heights

    Bounded by the Gowanus Expressway to the west and 14th Avenue to the east, and stretching from 65th Street south to 86th Street, Dyker Heights occupies a commanding position atop the rolling plateau between Bay Ridge and Bensonhurst.

  • Large green tree with bright yellow-green leaves in an urban neighborhood, blue sky with white clouds, brick buildings and road signs visible in the background.

    East Flatbush

    East Flatbush is bounded roughly by Clarendon Ave to the south, Empire Blvd to the north, and enclosed by Brooklyn Ave north to Clarkson Ave, east to Troy Ave, northeast along East New York Ave and Rockaway Pkwy, southeast to Kings Highway, southwest to Remsen Ave, then south to the LIRR lines near Canarsie.

  • A park with leafless trees, a winding sidewalk, grassy areas, and buildings in the background under a partly cloudy sky.

    East New York

    East New York is bounded by Atlantic Avenue to the north, Conduit Avenue and the Queens border to the northeast and east, Jamaica Bay to the south, and Hendrix Creek, Williams Avenue, and Van Sinderen Avenue to the west.

  • Graffiti-covered suspended bridge over train tracks in an urban area on a sunny day.

    East / Industrial Williamsburg

    East Williamsburg is bounded by Flushing Avenue to the south and the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway (BQE) to the north, stretching eastward to the Queens line, and defined to the west by Bushwick Avenue and Woodpoint Road.

  • Row of brick townhouses with different colored trim and awnings, under a clear blue sky.

    Erasmus

    Bounded by Rogers Avenue to the west and Brooklyn Avenue to the east, and stretching from Clarendon Road north to Clarkson Avenue, Erasmus lies at the historic heart of central Flatbush.

  • Black and white photo of a modern building with the word DREAMP in large letters on the top corner.

    Farragut

    Bounded by Nostrand Avenue, Flatbush Avenue, and Rogers Avenue to the west, Clarendon Road to the north, Utica Avenue to the east, and the Long Island Rail Road Bay Ridge Branch to the south, Farragut forms a distinct southern extension of East Flatbush.

  • The marquee of the Kings Theatre with promotional information for upcoming performances and ticket sales, set against the ornate facade of the building with intricate architectural details and a bright blue sky in the background.

    Flatbush

    Flatbush is bounded by Rogers Ave to the east; a southern line running along Flatbush Ave from Farragut Rd to Foster Ave, east along Foster Ave to Ocean Ave; a western edge running up the Q rail line.

  • Wide street scene with houses on both sides, cars parked along the curbs, tall streetlights, trees, and a partly cloudy blue sky.

    Flatlands

    Bounded by Nostrand Avenue to the west, the Long Island Rail Road Bay Ridge Branch to the north, Ralph Avenue to the east, and Avenue T to the south, Flatlands occupies a broad expanse of southeastern Brooklyn.

  • The exterior of a brick building on Fulton Street in Brooklyn, New York, featuring signage for Brooklyn Love Building, Habana Works, a pizza shop, a tattoo shop called Electric Lotus Tattoo, a store with partially visible sign reading 'Slutty Vegans,' and a billboard with a message about spreading love.

    Fort Greene

    Fort Greene is Bounded by Atlantic Ave to the south and Flushing Avenue to the north, Vanderbilt Avenue to the east, and a western line running north along Flatbush Avenue and Prince Street.

  • City street with cars, pedestrians, trees, and brick buildings, with the Brooklyn Bridge visible in the background.

    Fort Hamilton

    Bounded by 86th Street to the north, Dyker Beach Park to the east, and the Narrows—the tidal strait separating Brooklyn from Staten Island—to the south and west, Fort Hamilton occupies the southwestern corner of Brooklyn.

  • A street with parked cars on both sides, leafless trees, and a traffic sign indicating a left or straight direction, in a residential neighborhood.

    Georgetown

    Bounded by Avenue N to the south, Ralph Avenue to the west, and the Paerdegat Basin to the east, Georgetown lies within southeastern Brooklyn’s quiet residential heartland.

  • Two neighboring houses in a residential neighborhood, with clear blue sky and shadows of trees on the right house, featuring fences, stairs, and various exterior details.

    Gerritsen Beach

    Bounded by Gerritsen Avenue to the east, Gerritsen Creek and Ralph Avenue to the west, Gerritsen Beach occupies a small peninsula projecting into the northern reaches of Jamaica Bay.

  • City skyline with tall skyscrapers and buildings reflecting in a calm waterway, with construction sites and equipment in the foreground, under a clear blue sky.

    Gowanus

    Centered on the Gowanus Canal and bounded by Baltic Street to the north, the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway (BQE) to the south, Fourth Avenue to the east, and Smith Street and Hoyt Street to the west, Gowanus occupies a long, low-lying swath of central Brooklyn.

  • Street corner with a three-story brick building housing a florist shop, with a red domed roof, trees, cars parked along the street, and traffic lights under a clear blue sky.

    Gravesend

    Gravesend is bounded roughly by Avenue P to the north, Stillwell Avenue and Coney Island Creek to the south, McDonald Avenue to the east, and West 1st Street to the west.

  • The facade of a historic, light-colored brick building with decorative architectural details and a sign reading "NORMAN" at the top.

    Greenpoint

    Greenpoint is bordered by Williamsburg to the south, Long Island City across the creek to the east, and the East River to the west and north, Greenpoint is both frontier and anchor: the last of old industrial Brooklyn’s waterfront towns, yet one of its most dynamic and self-contained communities.

  • Black and white photo of a Gothic-style church with spires, decorative details, and stained glass windows, surrounded by trees and a few parked cars.

    Green-Wood Cemetery

    Spanning 478 acres across Brooklyn’s central ridge, Green-Wood Cemetery is bounded roughly by Fifth Avenue and Fort Hamilton Parkway to the west, McDonald Avenue to the east, 20th Street to the north, and 37th Street to the south.

  • City street with red brick buildings, some with bay windows, air conditioning units, and a fire escape. Traffic lights and street signs are visible, including a sign for 2nd Street. A church steeple and a blue sky with wispy clouds are in the background.

    Greenwood Heights

    Greenwood Heights is bounded roughly by 9th Avenue and 15th Street to the north, 36th Street to the south, Eighth Avenue to the east, and Third Avenue to the west.

  • Residential street with row houses, parked cars, power lines, and a partly cloudy sky.

    Highland Park

    Highland Park spans roughly from Jamaica Avenue and Crescent Street in the north to Highland Boulevard and Jackie Robinson Parkway in the south, and from Force Tube Avenue on the west to Cleveland Street and the Cemetery Belt on the east.

  • A multi-story brick apartment building with a fire escape on the front facade under a clear blue sky.

    Homecrest

    Bounded roughly by Avenue P to the north, Avenue U to the south, Ocean Parkway to the west, and Ocean Avenue to the east, Homecrest sits at the heart of southern Brooklyn, between Gravesend, Sheepshead Bay, and Midwood.

  • Front view of three row houses with different colored roofs and white siding, under a clear blue sky, with leafless trees in the foreground.

    Kensington

    Bounded by Church Avenue to the north, 18th Avenue to the south, Coney Island Avenue to the east, and Dahill Road to the west, Kensington forms a compact, quietly diverse enclave in central Brooklyn—nestled between Windsor Terrace, Borough Park, and Flatbush.

  • Colorful mural of a giant bee and a snail on an urban building wall, with street signs and traffic signs visible in the foreground.

    Los Sures - Southside

    Bounded roughly by Grand Street to the north, Union Avenue to the east, Broadway and Division Avenue to the south, and the East River waterfront to the west, Los Sures—literally “the Southside”—forms the historic southern heart of Williamsburg.

  • A large brick house with white pillars and a portico, front steps, and small steps leading to a pink door, with trees and a sidewalk in front.

    Madison

    Bounded by Kings Highway to the north, Avenue U to the south, Ocean Avenue to the west, and Nostrand and Gerritsen Avenues to the east, Madison lies in the southeastern quadrant of Brooklyn, between Midwood, Marine Park, and Sheepshead Bay.

  • A beach with sand, a gentle wave, a breakwater made of rocks, and a row of houses with trees in the background under a clear blue sky.

    Manhattan Beach

    Bounded by West End Avenue to the west, Sheepshead Bay to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south and east, Manhattan Beach occupies the far southeastern tip of Brooklyn.

  • Leafless trees casting shadows on brick and concrete buildings under a clear blue sky.

    Mapleton

    Bounded by 60th Street to the north, 65th Street to the south, 16th Avenue to the west, and McDonald Avenue to the east, Mapleton is a compact, quietly residential enclave tucked between Borough Park and Bensonhurst in southwestern Brooklyn.

  • A brick building with a sign for Marine Park Hardware and Benjamin Moore paint, with three windows above the sign, and a street sign indicating Ave S. Trees are visible on the right side and the sky is clear blue.

    Marine Park

    Bounded by Kings Highway to the north, Nostrand Avenue to the northwest, Flatbush Avenue to the east, Gerritsen Avenue to the west, and Rockaway Inlet to the south, Marine Park is one of Brooklyn’s broadest, greenest, and most distinctly suburban neighborhoods.

  • A multi-story brick apartment building with numerous windows, some with air conditioning units, and a fire escape on the left side. There is a tree on the right side and a blue sky above.

    Midwood

    Midwood is bounded by McDonald Avenue to the west, Nostrand Avenue to the east, Kings Highway and Avenue P forming its southeastern and southern edges, Foster Avenue sweeping northwest to Coney Island Avenue, and the Long Island Rail Road (Bay Ridge Branch) to the north.

  • A large, historic house with multiple stories, a decorative porch with columns, and a variety of window styles, with shadows of tree branches across the facade, set against a bright blue sky.

    Midwood Park / Fiske Terrace

    Midwood Park / Fiske Terrace is bounded by the Long Island Rail Road tracks to the south, Coney Island Avenue to the west, Foster Avenue to the northwest, Flatbush Avenue to the northeast, and Nostrand Avenue to the east

  • A marina with several boats docked, including a large white boat in the foreground, blue water, and a clear blue sky with some industrial cranes and buildings in the background.

    Mill Basin

    Mill Basin lies south of Avenue T and east of Marine Park, bordered by Mill Basin Inlet to the west, Jamaica Bay to the south, and Mill Island Channel and Floyd Bennett Field to the east.

  • A brick apartment building on a city street corner with parked cars, power lines, and a bright blue sky.

    New Lots

    Bounded by Linden Boulevard to the south, Pennsylvania Avenue to the west, New Lots Avenue and Dumont Avenue to the north, and Fountain Avenue to the east, New Lots lies in the easternmost reaches of Brooklyn, forming part of the larger East New York district.

  • A colorful street mural painted on a brick building featuring a portrait of a woman with natural hair, vibrant geometric patterns, and the words '#Fight for Street Art! HOBRA' written in white and black.

    Northside Williamsburg

    Stretching from the Grand Street north to McCarren Park and N 15th Street, and from the East River waterfront east to roughly Union Avenue, Northside Williamsburg occupies the industrial-to-artistic corridor that came to define Brooklyn’s cultural rebirth at the turn of the 21st century.

  • Brick apartment building with fire escape and trees in an urban neighborhood

    Ocean Hill

    Bounded roughly by Fulton Street to the north, Ralph Avenue to the west, and Eastern Parkway wrapping along its southern and eastern edges, Ocean Hill forms a compact, historically resonant enclave within Bedford-Stuyvesant in central Brooklyn.

  • A black wrought iron fence in the foreground with wheat field and blue sky in the background.

    Paerdegat

    Bounded by Avenue J to the north, Seaview Avenue and Paerdegat Basin to the south, and East 80th Street to the east, Paerdegat—sometimes referred to as Paerdegat Basin or Paerdegat Section—is a quiet, low-lying residential enclave in southern Brooklyn, nestled between Canarsie, Bergen Beach, and Flatlands.

  • A red brick building with several windows and leafless trees in front. Shadow of the trees cast on the building, and a clear blue sky overhead.

    Park Slope

    Bounded by Prospect Park West and Flatbush Avenue to the east, Fourth Avenue to the west, Atlantic Avenue and the Flatbush Avenue Extension to the north, and 10th Avenue to the south, Park Slope unfolds along the gentle incline rising from Gowanus toward the emerald edge of Prospect Park.

  • Facade of a row of brick houses with decorative brickwork and windows, under a clear blue sky.

    Parkville

    Bounded by McDonald Avenue to the west, Coney Island Avenue to the east, 18th Avenue to the north, and Foster Avenue to the south, Parkville is a compact, quietly distinctive enclave in the heart of south-central Brooklyn.

  • Cityscape of Manhattan, New York, featuring modern high-rise buildings, some under construction, with a clear blue sky in the background.

    Prospect Heights

    Bounded by Flatbush Avenue and Grand Army Plaza to the west and southwest, Atlantic Avenue to the north, Washington Avenue to the east, and Eastern Parkway to the south, Prospect Heights forms one of Brooklyn’s most architecturally elegant and culturally resonant neighborhoods.

  • Row of old brick and brownstone-style apartment buildings with mansard roofs against a clear blue sky.

    Prospect-Lefferts Gardens

    Bounded by Ocean Avenue to the west, New York Avenue to the east, Clarkson Avenue to the south, and Empire Boulevard to the north, Prospect–Lefferts Gardens occupies a proud position on the eastern edge of Prospect Park.

  • Bronze equestrian statue of a man on a rearing horse, surrounded by trees with no leaves.

    Prospect Park

    Prospect Park, the borough’s great public landscape, spans 585 acres. The park is bordered by Prospect Park West and Eighth Avenue to the west, Parkside Avenue to the south, Ocean Avenue to the east, and Flatbush Avenue and Grand Army Plaza to the north.

  • A large, Victorian-style brick house with a green roof, a tower with a conical roof, surrounded by trees and shrubs, under a clear blue sky.

    Prospect Park South

    Bounded by Caton Avenue to the north, Cortelyou Road to the south, Coney Island Avenue to the west, and the Brighton Line (Q train) to the east, Prospect Park South stands as one of Brooklyn’s most distinguished planned suburban enclaves.

  • Sign reading 'Red Hook Terminal' and part of a street sign for 'Hamilton Ave', with industrial cranes and a clear blue sky in the background.

    Red Hook

    Red Hook occupies one of the most storied and atmospheric landscapes in Brooklyn. It is bounded by the Gowanus Expressway and Hamilton Avenue to the north and east, Buttermilk Channel and the Erie Basin to the south, and New York Harbor to the west.

  • Street view of three brick row houses with front porches and stairs, parked black Jeep, green shrubs, and a partly cloudy blue sky.

    Remsen Village

    Bounded by Rockaway Parkway to the northeast, the Long Island Rail Road (Bay Ridge Branch) to the southeast, Ralph Avenue to the west, and Kings Highway to the northwest, Remsen Village lies within the southeastern reaches of central Brooklyn

  • Entrance gate to Sea Gate, a residential and commercial area, with signs for authorized access and parking restrictions, in Brooklyn, New York.

    Seagate

    Sea Gate is a private, gated seaside community bounded on three sides by water and on the fourth by the lively expanse of Coney Island itself. It is framed by the Atlantic Ocean to the south, the Narrows to the west, Gravesend Bay to the north, and West 37th Street to the east, beyond which the amusements and boardwalk of Coney Island begin.

  • A wooden pier with blue railings extends over a body of water, with city buildings and trees in the background under a clear blue sky.

    Sheepshead Bay

    Bounded by the Sheepshead Bay inlet to the south, Avenue U to the north, Ocean Parkway to the west, and Knapp Street to the east, Sheepshead Bay occupies a glittering strip of southern Brooklyn defined by its maritime character and layered immigrant heritage.

  • A row of old brick buildings on a city street with a blue sky background. The building in the center has a distinctive corner turret with ornate details, and the building on the right has small balconies.

    South Slope

    Bounded by 10th Street to the northeast and Prospect Park West to the east, with Green-Wood Cemetery forming its sweeping southwestern edge, South Slope occupies the transitional slope of western Brooklyn where the hill descending from Prospect Park meets the industrial flats of Gowanus.

  • A view of several city apartment buildings with balconies, a brick wall, and a cloudy sky in the background.

    South Williamsburg

    Bounded by Division Street to the north, Broadway to the northeast, Flushing Avenue to the south, and Kent Avenue along the East River to the west, South Williamsburg forms one of the most historically layered and culturally charged neighborhoods in New York City.

  • Black and white photo of a street with parked cars, leafless trees, and tall residential buildings, with the address 130 Vandalia visible on the building.

    Starrett City / Spring Creek

    Starrett City — rebranded as Spring Creek Towers in the early 2000s — is a self-contained residential community unlike any other in the borough. It is bordered by Louisiana Avenue and Pennsylvania Avenue to the west, Flatlands Avenue to the north, Jamaica Bay and the Spring Creek marshlands to the south, and Erskine Street to the east.

  • Three-story Victorian-style brownstone apartment building with ornamented facades and bay windows, partly shaded by a tree in front, under a clear blue sky.

    Stuyvesant Heights

    Bedford–Stuyvesant is bounded by Tompkins Avenue to the west, Malcolm X Boulevard to the east, a southern border primarily along Fulton Street, and a northern edge traced by Macon, Halsey, and Hancock Streets, Stuyvesant Heights.

  • Cityscape view of New York City skyline with buildings, including the Empire State Building, seen from a park with green grass, trees, benches, and people sitting.

    Sunset Park

    Bounded by 39th Street to the north and 65th Street to the south, stretching west from 9th Avenue to the Gowanus Bay waterfront, Sunset Park occupies one of Brooklyn’s most topographically striking settings.

  • A large Victorian-style house with a turret and multiple gables, painted green and beige, with a spacious front porch supported by columns, set in a neighborhood with trees and parked cars.

    Victorian Flatbush

    Bounded by Foster Avenue to the south, Coney Island Avenue to the west, Cortelyou Road to the northwest, and Ocean Avenue to the east, Ditmas Park—the heart of the greater Victorian Flatbush district—is one of New York City’s most distinctive residential enclaves.

  • Cityscape with buildings, barbed wire fence, and the Brooklyn Bridge in the background against a clear blue sky.

    Vinegar Hill

    Bounded by York Street to the south, Bridge Street to the west, Hudson Avenue and Little Street to the east, and the East River to the north, Vinegar Hill is one of Brooklyn’s smallest yet most evocative neighborhoods—a cobblestoned pocket of maritime history nestled between DUMBO and the Brooklyn Navy Yard.

  • High-rise brick apartment building with balconies, and a Lorimer Street sign at an elevated train station.

    Williamsburg

    In the heart of Brooklyn’s northwestern waterfront lies Williamsburg, a vast and many-textured district whose core — Central Williamsburg — stretches inland from Union Avenue to Bushwick Avenue and Woodpoint Road.

  • Entrance to a brick apartment building with white columns, black metal railing, and a hanging lantern, surrounded by hedges

    Windsor Terrace

    Bounded by Prospect Park to the east, Green-Wood Cemetery to the west, Prospect Park West to the northwest, and Caton Avenue to the south, Windsor Terrace forms one of Brooklyn’s most serenely situated neighborhoods—a narrow, elevated stretch between two of the borough’s grandest green spaces.

  • A historic brick building with a steep red gable roof and a tall spire against a bright blue sky, with leafless trees in the foreground.

    Wingate

    Bounded by New York Avenue to the west, Troy Avenue to the east, Clarkson Avenue to the south, and Empire Boulevard to the north, Wingate occupies a compact rectangle in central Brooklyn, just east of Prospect-Lefferts Gardens and north of East Flatbush.

The History

17th–18th Century: Colonial Villages and Revolutionary Battlegrounds

The Dutch settlements prospered as farming communities, producing grain, vegetables, and dairy for export to Manhattan and beyond. The English seized control of New Netherland in 1664, but Dutch influence persisted in language, architecture, and social structure. Churches and windmills punctuated the rolling landscape, while ferries across the East River linked Brooklyn’s shore to Manhattan’s expanding port.

The American Revolution brought war to Brooklyn’s fields. In 1776, the Battle of Long Island—the largest engagement of the Revolutionary War—unfolded across the hills of Gowanus, Park Slope, and Prospect Heights. General George Washington’s retreat across the East River, under cover of fog, became a legend of courage and providence. The borough’s Revolutionary past is still memorialized at sites such as Battle Pass in Prospect Park and the Old Stone House in Park Slope.

After independence, Brooklyn remained rural but grew steadily. The Fulton Ferry (1814) and the establishment of Brooklyn Village near the ferry landing spurred urban development along the East River. The newly incorporated City of Brooklyn (1834) soon became Manhattan’s rival across the water—a quieter, cleaner, and more orderly alternative to the crowded metropolis.

19th Century: City of Churches and Industrial Powerhouse

The 19th century transformed Brooklyn from agrarian hinterland to industrial titan. Shipyards, sugar refineries, and ropeworks lined the waterfronts of Red Hook, DUMBO, and Williamsburg. Immigrants—Irish, Germans, Scandinavians, and later Italians and Eastern European Jews—arrived by the tens of thousands, fueling both labor and culture. The borough’s population exploded from 36,000 in 1834 to over one million by 1890.

This was the era of the “City of Churches,” so called for its multitude of congregations that reflected both religious devotion and ethnic diversity. Institutions like Plymouth Church of the Pilgrims, under the abolitionist preacher Henry Ward Beecher, became moral beacons, drawing figures such as Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln.

The borough’s civic identity reached its zenith with the completion of the Brooklyn Bridge in 1883—a marvel of engineering and symbolism that united Brooklyn with Manhattan. Designed by John A. Roebling and completed under his son Washington Roebling, the bridge embodied both ambition and faith in the urban future. Meanwhile, Prospect Park (1867), designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, offered pastoral respite amid industrial bustle, anchoring surrounding neighborhoods like Park Slope and Prospect Heights in enduring beauty.

By century’s end, Brooklyn’s achievements rivaled any American city. Its public institutions—the Brooklyn Academy of Music (BAM), Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, and Brooklyn Public Library—reflected civic pride and enlightenment ideals. When Brooklyn merged with New York City in 1898, becoming one of its five boroughs, it was reluctantly absorbed; many residents still referred to themselves as living in “the fourth-largest city in America.”

Early–Mid 20th Century: Borough of Homes and Industry

The early 20th century saw Brooklyn at its industrial and cultural height. Its docks handled global trade; factories produced everything from beer to steel cables; and Coney Island emerged as the nation’s playground, its boardwalks, roller coasters, and electric lights symbolizing the joy and modernity of urban life.

Residential growth surged. The brownstones of Brooklyn Heights, Clinton Hill, and Bed-Stuy filled with middle-class families, while newer neighborhoods such as Flatbush, Bay Ridge, and Borough Park expanded with tree-lined blocks and brick rowhouses. Immigrant communities—Italian in Bensonhurst, Jewish in Crown Heights, Polish in Greenpoint—created the ethnic patchwork that remains Brooklyn’s signature.

Brooklyn’s cultural icons multiplied: the Brooklyn Dodgers, playing at Ebbets Field in Flatbush, captured hearts citywide, their triumph in the 1955 World Series becoming a borough-wide myth. The Williamsburg Savings Bank Tower (1929) symbolized prewar prosperity, its gilded dome visible from miles away.

Yet the postwar years brought turbulence. The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge (1964) connected Brooklyn to Staten Island, but urban renewal projects displaced thousands, particularly in working-class neighborhoods. The Dodgers’ move to Los Angeles in 1957 broke hearts and symbolized the borough’s sense of loss amid economic decline.

Late 20th Century: Decline and Rediscovery

The 1960s–1980s were decades of contrast—crime and decay alongside resilience and creativity. Factories closed, but grassroots activism flourished. Immigrant influxes—Caribbean, Puerto Rican, Russian, and later Chinese and Middle Eastern—revived aging neighborhoods. Artists colonized the industrial lofts of DUMBO, Williamsburg, and Bushwick, turning decay into renaissance.

Historic preservation took root. Brooklyn Heights became New York’s first designated historic district (1965), and restoration spread through Park Slope, Fort Greene, and Prospect Lefferts Gardens, reviving the borough’s architectural splendor. The cultural scene grew through institutions like BAM, whose experimental programming in the 1980s reasserted Brooklyn’s place in the avant-garde.

21st Century: The Borough Ascendant

In the 21st century, Brooklyn has emerged as a global brand—a symbol of creativity, diversity, and authenticity. Neighborhoods once industrial or neglected—Williamsburg, DUMBO, Bushwick, and Red Hook—have become centers of art, design, and technology. The Brooklyn Navy Yard, once a naval shipyard, now houses film studios, urban farms, and green manufacturing. The Brooklyn Bridge Park, opened in phases beginning in 2010, transformed derelict piers into one of New York’s most beloved public spaces, reconnecting residents to the waterfront.

At the same time, the borough grapples with the duality of its success: gentrification and displacement shadow its renewal. Yet Brooklyn remains fiercely plural. From the Caribbean parades of Eastern Parkway to the Hasidic enclaves of Borough Park, from the brownstones of Bedford-Stuyvesant to the towers of Downtown Brooklyn, the borough embodies the city’s entire human range.

Cultural vitality abounds: Barclays Center anchors a new civic core in Prospect Heights; Brooklyn Academy of Music, Prospect Park, and the Brooklyn Museum remain temples of art and public life. Food, music, and innovation define its streets; small businesses thrive beside tech startups and artisan workshops. Brooklyn, once the city’s underdog, has become its conscience—an emblem of reinvention without forgetting its roots.

Spirit and Legacy

Brooklyn’s legacy is strength through unity—the same creed inscribed on its old seal. From Dutch village to industrial empire to cultural vanguard, it has absorbed the world and made it home. Its neighborhoods, each distinct yet interdependent, weave together the story of America’s urban soul: immigration, struggle, creativity, and renewa

New York City

Use this custom Google map to explore where every neighborhood in all five boroughs of New York City is located.

The Five Boroughs

One of New York City’s unique qualities is its organization in to 5 boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island. These boroughs are part pragmatic administrative districts, and part vestiges of the region’s past. Each borough is an entire county in New York State - in fact, Brooklyn is, officially, Kings County, while Staten Island is, officially Richmond County. But that’s not the whole story …

Initially, New York City was located on the southern tip of Manhattan (now the Financial District) that was once the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam. Across the East River, another city was rising: Brooklyn. In time, the city planners realized that unification between the rapidly rising cities would create commercial and industrial opportunities - through streamlined administration of the region.

So powerful was the pull of unification between New York and Brooklyn that three more counties were pulled into the unification: The Bronx, Queens, and Staten Island. And on January 1, 1898, the City of New York unified two cities and three counties into one Greater City of New York - containing the five boroughs we know today.

But because each borough developed differently and distinctly until unification, their neighborhoods likewise uniquely developed. Today, there are nearly 390 neighborhoods, each with their own histories, cultures, cuisines, and personalities - and each with residents who are fiercely proud of their corner of The Big Apple.

Manhattan
Brooklyn
Queens
The Bronx
Staten Island